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MoNaco, officially the principality.html">Principality of monaco.html">Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera. It has a population of 39,244 (as of March 2019) and an area of approximately 2 km² (0.77 sq mi), with around 3.5 miles (5.6 km) of coastline.

Monaco is the second-smallest country in the world after the Holy See. The official language is French, but Monégasque, Italian, and English are also widely spoken. The state was a protectorate of France from 1861 to 1918, but it gained full independence with the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the First World War.

The sovereign state is located on the Côte d''Azur (French Riviera), near the French-Italian border. It borders France to the north and Italy to the east, separated from them by the Alps in the east and the Apennines in the southeast. In this way, it has a coastline along the Ligurian Sea to the west.

The principality is known for its rich history, stunning beaches, yacht-lined harbor, and vibrant arts scene. Visitors can explore the historic town center, visit the famous Casino de Monte-Carlo, or take in the breathtaking views from the top of the Monaco Cathedral.